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Cuta midity purchase pregabalin amex, predispose to malasseziosis in genetically sus neous candidiasis results from invasion of deep layers ceptible persons order pregabalin with american express. Superficial mycoses are fungal infections of the skin and Unlike Malessezia order pregabalin master card, Hortaea werneckii and Piedraia hair that invade only the most superficial layers and hortae are pathogens acquired from the environment 150 mg pregabalin sale. Superficial invasion of the but may be part of the normal skin flora discount pregabalin 150 mg free shipping, particularly nail plate cheap pregabalin 75 mg on-line, so-called white superficial onychomycosis, is in the axillae and genital areas. Malassezia species cause three clinical Current information indicates that the malassezioses forms of disease. Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor presents are caused by members of Malassezia genus of which as hypo to hyperpigmented macules or patches with there are seven recognized species including M. Malassezia globosa sionally, the lesions may be papular, erythematous, or (formerly serovar B of M. Malassezia folliculitis is characterized by pru the origial description of Pityrosporum orbiculare and ritic, follicular papules, and pustules on the upper back, appears to be the causative fungal agent of tinea versi chest, shoulders, and less commonly, the face and neck. Seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff are most of Seborrheic dermatitis presents as pruritic red patches ten associated with M. Microscopically this taea (Exophiala) werneckii, which is not a dermato yeast is distinguished by the presence of a collarette be phyte, it is called tinea by convention. Confirmation of this diagnosis is easily obtained tinea nigra, is found most commonly in the tropical ar by the presence of pigmented hyphae on a potassium eas of Central and South America, Asia, and Africa hydroxide preparation. In strating the brown-pigmented hyphae and budding black piedra, superficial infection of hair shafts by yeast cells. Growth on Saborauds dextrose agar is Piedraia hortae results in asymptomatic, stone-like con slow, initially black and yeast-like, and upon extended cretions on scalp and facial hair. Concretions in this disease black piedra, is found in tropical South and Central are white to tan and are found on facial, axillary, and American, Southeast Asia, and Africa. The Diagnosis finding of septate brown hyphae, asci, and fusiform as Malassezioses. In practice, referring chosporon species, yeast-like organisms that form true to these as M. Direct mi dermatis is a distinct species, and is also lipophilic but croscopic examination of hair nodules revealing these does not have an absolute requirement for lipids (Mar characteristics should be sufficient for diagnosis. Diag and meat balls," this finding is considered diagnostic nosis can be easily confirmed by direct microscopic ex in this setting. Woods light Culture from skin scrapings is not necessary if a di examination may reveal bright yellow fluorescence. Fungal culture is not helpful because the organism may However, if the microscopic appearance is atypical or occur in normal skin. Pigmented, irregular, septate hy if species identification is required, then culture on me phae are observed in tinea nigra. Malassezia pachydermatis lacks Differential Diagnosis the requirement for lipid supplement. Shampoos containing pityriasis alba, pityriasis rosea, cutaneous T-cell lym zinc pyrithione (Marks et al, 1985) or selenium sulfide phoma, and even secondary syphilis may resemble (Shuster, 1984) also work well. However, seborrheic dermatitis often re Malassezia folliculitis may mimic bacterial or candidal curs quickly after discontinuation of therapy. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish seb Malassezia folliculitis responds well to both topical orrheic dermatitis from atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Topical treatment Tinea nigra may resemble lentigo, pigmented seborrheic with an azole cream or shampoo or selenium sulfide is keratosis, nevus, or melanoma but is easily identified often sufficient (Ford et al, 1982; Back et al, 1985). Topical therapy with an azole such as mi minutes once daily for a 2-week period and repeat once conazole, clotrimazole, econazole, or ketoconazole is or twice monthly to minimize recurrence. Other effective topical agents include antifungal creams have also been proven effective naftifine, terbinafine, and Whitfields ointment. Both black and white piedras may be treated lesions are present or when topical creams have been with 2% ketoconazole shampoo. Topi Topical antifungal drugs are generally very effective cal medications can also be intermittently applied, but in seborrheic dermatitis, which led to the current be compliance issues often develop. In black-dot tinea capitis lesions, the hair becomes Fungi that are able to subsist within the keratinous el fragile and breaks off at the skin surface. In these cases, ements of living skin are called dermatophytes, which collection should be by scraping with a scalpel as noted belong to one of three genera, Epidermophyton, Mi above. The affected nail should be clipped as proxi species that occasionally cause disease. The distribution mally as possible through the entire thickness of the of some species is worldwide while others are restricted nail, obtaining the maximum amount of crumbly ma to certain geographic locations. The morphology and terial, which is concentrated on the underside of the pathogenicity of the species are similar. The use of a pincer-type nail clipper is the most jective used to describe infections caused by dermato effective method. If nail dystrophy is wholly proximal, phytes, is used as a preface to the Latin designation of a scraping can be taken from the affected portion of the affected body part. Fungal elements may not be numerous or equally dis tributed; therefore the quantity as well as the quality Epidemiology of the specimen is important. Rapid detection of fungal el tions due to zoophilic organisms are acquired from an ements in specimens from suspected dermatophytoses imals and tend to be inflammatory. Material and etiology of the most common dermatophytoses are (scrapings or hair) is placed on a glass slide; a strong discussed separately. Lesions of the skin, scalp, and nail cell wall of fungi and fluoresces when observed under should be cleaned with 70% alcohol before samples are ultraviolet light, will increase the sensitivity of the collected to reduce the amount of bacterial contami procedure. Culture, a necessary adjunct to mi squares of stiff black paper, which allows for easy vi croscopic examination of specimens, is important from sualization of the specimen and helps to keep the spec both a therapeutic and epidemiological standpoint. If sending the specimen to a though the majority of etiologic agents are dermato reference laboratory, it can be contained by folding the phytes, other filamentous fungi can be the causative paper and mailing in an envelope. There are commer agents of skin and nail infections and require a differ cially available collection and mailing kits that facili ent therapeutic approach. Optimal lected by scraping the edge of the lesion with the blunt isolation of dermatophytes occurs on selective media edge of a scalpel. For infection of the toe webs, the containing antibiotics to suppress bacterial growth and soggy skin should be peeled away, and if vesicles are cycloheximide to suppress contaminating saprophytic present, the whole top of the lesion should be removed. Hair from areas of suspected infection must of a general medium is necessary in the case of nail, be submitted with the root end attached. Growth on rice grains is scant and characterized by a brown discoloration of the rice. De abundant, rare, or absent depending on the species or tailed descriptions of these and other related fungi can strain and culture conditions. The macroscopic colony appearance can phytes by the rough (echinulate) surface of the macro be variable. Typical colonies are white to buff in color, conidia, which may be an especially prominent feature with or without a wine red color on the reverse side as in M. Some are granular while others are downy in crosporum species sporulate profusely, producing nu appearance. The main identifying characteristics are the merous macroconidia as well as lesser numbers of presence of club-shaped microconidia arranged along clavate microconidia. Macroconi inability to perforate hair in vitro, and lack of urease dia, when formed, are usually borne singularly on coni production. Zoophilic strains produce ination of the dermatophyte from the host by sup colonies that are granular, off-white color (See Color pressing cell-mediated immunity in vivo. Pigment on the reverse cur in areas that have become macerated secondary to side may be present and may resemble that produced occlusion. The main identifying characteristics of in the pathogenicity of some dermatophytes. Progesterone has been shown to inhibit usually with a brown to tan color that may be lost upon growth in vitro (Heoprich et al, 1994), which may ex subculture (See Color Fig. The production acteristics include the production of abundant mi of sebum by adult scalps may be responsible for the in croconidia of varying shapes, club, or elongated or frequency of adult tinea capitis. Some strains make abundant of sebum on the palms and soles could explain the per arthroconidia and chlamydospores. Growth is slow, producing colonies that are heaped and convoluted, with a violet or laven Tineas der surface and a purple color on the reverse side. Tinea corporis is defined as dermatophy colony appearance, lack of micro and macroconidia, tosis of the glabrous skin of the face (excluding the and stimulation of growth by thiamin. Main identifying characteristics in ringworm, tinea circinata, tinea glabrosa (Demis, 1999). Unlike some other superficial fungal infections, to brown or reddish colonies that are convoluted, be tinea corporis shows no preference for certain age coming glabrous. Those patients with Pathogenesis chronic dermatophyte infections at other sites such as Dermatophytes are primary cutaneous pathogens and scalp, hands, feet, or nails are at risk of having the in comprise the largest group of fungi that cause skin dis fection spread to glabrous skin (Geary, 1960; Rippon, ease. Other risk factors include outdoor occupations, vade hair, nails, and skin, in part due to their ability close association with animals, and contact sports. Worldwide, the anthropophilic pathogenicity is the production of mannans, cell wall species, T. Commercial puppies, horses, cattle, rodents, and fowl, may be ex collection packages and mailing envelopes are available posed to zoophilic organisms such as M. Geophilic species, lected in squares of stiff black paper, which are folded most often M. Annular lesions may resemble the her circinate, and may or may not have erythema. Geophilic ald patch of pityriasis rosea, nummular eczema, or ery and zoophilic species are more apt to cause inflamma thema annulare centrifugum. Majocchis granuloma tory lesions that can range from vesicles and pustules to and other inflammatory lesions involving hair follicles bulla. Therapy with topical antimycotic agents granuloma formation (Majocchis granuloma) around is usually sufficient for cure of tinea corporis (Drake et fragments of hair or keratin (See Color Fig. However, nystatin and topical am present a kerion-like appearance (Powell and Muller, 1982). Selected Topical Antimycotic Tinea profunda, which is another intense inflamma Drugs for Tinea Corporis tory reaction of the glabrous skin that resembles scalp Drug Frequency of Dosing kerions, is a rare presentation and more likely to oc Allylamines cur in patients with suppressed cellular immunity. The Butenafine Once daily verrucous lesions of tinea profunda may resemble those Naftifine Once daily of North American blastomycosis (Demis, 1999). Tinea Corporis this dermatophytosis is now seen rarely and most Drug Dose Duration of Therapy often acquired from animal sources, explaining the in Griseofulvin Microsize 20 mg/kg/day 2 to 4 weeks creased prevalence in rural areas. Microsporum canis is another zoophilic pathogen that can rarely cause tinea barbae. Anthropophilic dermatophytes that may cause this photericin B do not control dermatophytes and should disease include T. Many of these pathogens have ge Clinical experience argues against use of topical ographically restricted ranges. Al is endemic in parts of Europe, Asia, Africa, and South though they may initially reduce itching and other America but is seldomly seen in the United States. Tri symptoms through their antiinflammatory effects, con chophyton megninii is found in parts of Africa and tinued use of topical steroids may suppress the cellular Europe, including Portugal, Sardinia, and Sicily. In contrast, Topical steroids may also change the clinical appear the range of T. The infecting pathogens are In some cases, topical antimycotic agents are insuf partially responsible for the two clinical presentations ficient for the treatment of tinea corporis. Hair in infected areas may be eofulvin, fluconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine broken, loose, or absent. This feature helps to distinguish tinea barbae with effective medications results in a permanent cure. Other agents makes reexposure and reinfection a constant symptoms that may be seen with both conditions in possibility. Moist, damp environments such as those in clude prominent adenopathy, fever, and malaise.

Note: Rates presented on pages 19 & 20 were retrieved from State Cancer Profiles and will differ from rates presented elsewhere in this report due to the availability of more current data generic 150mg pregabalin overnight delivery. Cancer Incidence and Mortality buy pregabalin 150mg fast delivery, All Sites Combined 150mg pregabalin free shipping, by Age Group order pregabalin 75mg online, Tennessee cheap pregabalin, 2010-2014 2 cheap pregabalin express,500. Therefore, the increased numbers of cancer deaths observed is likely due to population increase in Tennessee. White Lung and Bronchus Colon and Rectum Female Breast Pancreas Leukemia Prostate Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Brain and Other Nervous System Kidney and Renal Pelvis 0 3,500 7,000 10,500 14,000 17,500 21,000 Number of Deaths There were 58,425 cancer deaths among white Tennesseans accounting for 85. Male Lung and Bronchus Colon and Rectum Prostate Pancreas Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Leukemia Esophagus Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Urinary Bladder Kidney and Renal Pelvis 0 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000 Number of Deaths There were 37,358 cancer deaths among Tennessee men accounting for 54. White women had higher incidence and mortality rates than black women and black men had higher incidence and mortality rates than white men. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (see Technical Notes, page 89) for lung cancer, all races and both sexes combined, was 0. Cancer Incidence and Mortality, Lung and Bronchus, By Year, Tennessee 2010-2014 90. Black men are disproportionately affected by this disease compared to white men; black men experience a mortality rate that is roughly two and a half times higher compared to white men. It should be noted that the Taskforce is currently in the process of updating this recommendation. Thus, fewer men undergoing prostate cancer screening may mean that fewer men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in the short term. Cancer staging is defined in the section "Explanation of Terms" that begins on page 87. Female breast cancer incidence rates remained relatively stable over the 5-year period covered by this report. It appears that both breast cancer incidence and mortality may have reached a plateau during 2013 and counts may be starting to decrease though additional years of decreasing counts will be needed before confirming this potential decreasing trend. Furthermore, it is important to note that black women are more likely than white women to be diagnosed with breast cancer in the late stages. Early detection and effective treatment options contributed to the low mortality-to-incidence ratio of breast cancer (0. The Taskforce provided a grade of "C" for screening mammography for women 40-49 years of age. It should also be noted Tennesseans who died of colorectal cancer died on average 7. Black men and women experience statistically significantly greater incidence and mortality rates for colorectal cancer compared to white men and women. Regular colorectal cancer screening can identify lesions before they become cancer and find colorectal cancer early, when it is highly curable. The screening methodology for colorectal cancer recommended by most healthcare professionals is the colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy. Cancer Incidence and Mortality, Colon and Rectum, By Year, Tennessee, 2010-2014 50. It should be noted Tennesseans, who died of melanoma skin cancer, died on average 10 years earlier than expected. During the same time period, white Tennesseans experienced incidence rates that are about twenty-six times higher than black individuals. However, black individuals experience a much higher mortality-incidence ratio for this disease, i. This is at least partially attributable to the fact that black individuals are almost three times more likely than white individuals to be diagnosed at late stages and this was statistically significant. Cancer Incidence and Mortality, Melanoma of the Skin, By Year, Tennessee, 2010-2014 25. However, please note this comparison may be statistically unstable since there were less than fifty black Tennesseans diagnosed with melanoma skin cancer between 2010 and 2014. From 2010 to 2014, pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality rates slightly increased, but these changes were not statistically significant. Pancreatic cancer occurs with increased frequency among persons with long-standing. The relationship between blood sugar levels and pancreatic cancer is a complex one. While some patients with long-standing diabetes may be at elevated risk for the development of pancreatic cancer, many individuals may develop diabetes during the pre-clinical stages of pancreatic cancer before it is diagnosed in the clinical setting. The pancreas is so deep inside the body that early tumors are difficult to detect through imaging and cannot be readily palpated. Black men display statistically significantly higher pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality rates compared to white men. Likewise, black women display statistically significantly higher pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality than white women. Unlike many cancers in adults, childhood cancers are not strongly linked to lifestyle or environmental risk factors (American Cancer Society, 2015). White children accounted for almost four out of every five childhood cancer cases (78. The leading cause of cancer incidence in children less than twenty years of age was leukemia, followed by central nervous system tumors, lymphomas, melanomas, and soft tissue sarcomas. The early diagnosis of childhood cancer is often hampered by nonspecific symptoms that are similar to those of more common childhood diseases. In general, white children tend to have a higher cancer incidence and mortality rates compared to black children. The difference in cancer incidence rates between black children and white children was statistically significant; however, the difference in cancer mortality rates between black children and white children is not statistically significant. Over this five-year period, the age adjusted incidence rate for childhood cancers was 182. Cancer Incidence and Mortality, Children 0-19 Years of Age, By Year, Tennessee, 2010-2014 250. Cancer Stage, All Sites Combined, Children 0-19 Years of Age, Tennessee, 2010-2014 100% 80% 43. Note that the number of cases by region may not sum up to the state total due to records missing resident county information. Confidence intervals were used to test if the difference in incidence or mortality rates between two groups or two years. If the 95% confidence intervals did not overlap, the difference was determined to be statistically significant. This is a conservative test of significance and there is a greater probability of finding non-significant differences than traditional tests of significance. Pearsons chi-squared test was used to test the differences in cancer diagnosed in the late stages. Consumers of this data must use caution when interpreting the data in this report and consider that data published in this report is dynamic. It is possible even after the standard reporting delay, some new cases may be reported, which could influence cancer rates. Caution should also be used when interpreting rates based on only a small number of cases. In order to protect patient confidentiality and ensure the integrity of the data, data based on counts smaller than five (5) have been suppressed. Additionally, the confidence intervals associated with some cancers are very large and caution should be used when interpreting the data. Hence, if one population has a significantly greater proportion of older people than another population, one would expect a larger number of cancers in the older population. Therefore, rates need to be age-adjusted to remove the confounding effect of age before comparisons are made between populations with different age distributions. This parameter is interesting because it provides a measure of the burden of cancer to the individual patient, rather than the population as a whole. Effectively it shows, on average, how much a patients life is likely to be shortened by their cancer. Cancer Staging Stage provides a measure of disease progression, detailing the degree to which the cancer has advanced. In situ*: Abnormal cells are present only in the layer of cells in which they originated. Localized: Cancer is limited to the organ in which it began, without evidence of spread. Regional: Cancer has spread beyond the primary site to nearby lymph nodes or organs and tissues. Distant: Cancer has spread from the primary site to distant organs or distant lymph nodes. The width of a confidence interval reflects the amount of variability in the estimated rate. In this report, 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a gamma distribution method developed by Fay and Feuer and modified by Tiwari, Clegg, and Zou. Incidence Incidence is defined as the number of new cancers diagnosed in the population at risk in the reference year. The population considered at risk for cancer in this report is the entire resident population of Tennessee in the reference year. Incidence Rate the cancer incidence rate is the number of new cases of cancer diagnosed in a specified population during a specified time period, usually expressed as the number of new cases per 100,000 persons at risk. That is, =, the numerator of the incidence rate is the number of newly diagnosed cancer cases; the denominator of the incidence rate is the size of the population at risk. The primary site reported is the site of origin and not the metastatic site, the distant site to which the cancer has spread. The incidence rate can be computed for a given type of cancer or for all cancers combined. Incidence rates presented in this report are for invasive cancers and both invasive and in situ bladder cancer only, unless otherwise specified. When cancer stage was considered, cases diagnosed at any stage, including the in situ stage, were included in the analyses. Median the median is the middle value of an ordered set of numbers: half the values are greater than the median and half are less than the median. The median is less sensitive than the mean to extreme values, and is a better measure of central tendency for data with skewed distributions. Mortality Mortality is defined as the number of deaths from cancer in the population at risk during the reference year. A cancer death is defined as a death for which cancer is determined to be the underlying cause of death based on the death certificate. That is, =, Mortality-to-Incidence Ratio (M:I Ratio) In this report, mortality-to-incidence ratio was calculated as the ratio of age-adjusted mortality and incidence rates. In a general sense, the higher the ratio, the higher fatality for the cancer or the lower the survival. In addition, the age-adjustment process may also make this possible because the age of a patient at death is likely greater than that at diagnosis; therefore, the patient may be accounted for at one age group for incidence and at an older age group for mortality. Prevalence is defined as the percentage of people exhibiting the behavior out of the total number in the defined population. Race and Ethnicity Cancer incidence and mortality can vary greatly by race and ethnicity. Given Tennessees small minority population, displaying detailed information by racial/ethnic group leads to some cell counts that are too small to display publically and rates may be unstable. Resident County the resident county is the geographical variable that illustrates the county of residence at diagnosis. Suppression of Rates and Counts Due to concerns regarding statistical reliability, statistics were suppressed when there were less than 5 reported cases for any given cohort or cancer site. Increases and decreases in rates over time may reflect changes in diagnostic methods or case reporting rather than genuine changes in cancer occurrence. It is an estimate of the years a person would have lived if he or she had not died prematurely. Cases with gender reported as transsexual or having a disorder of sexual development were not included in this report. Cases with race other than white or black (2,440 cases) and unknown race (2,097 cases) were included in the "Total Population" category. A total of 9 cases with unknown age of diagnosis were excluded from all analyses except the calculation of the leading causes of cancer incidence and cancer by stage. A total of 551 cases could not generate a site recode value and were excluded in all analyses in this report. A total of 7 newly diagnosed cases did not have sufficient information regarding resident county at diagnosis and were excluded in the geographic analyses. These cases were included in the state-level statistics, but excluded from county-level statistics. Mortality Data: the cancer mortality data contains records of all mortalities among Tennessee residents. The record-level mortality data were obtained from the Death Statistical System provided by the Healthcare Patient Statistics group, Division of Policy, Planning & Assessment, Tennessee Department of Health. There were 32 deaths missing gender information and 605 deaths did not contain race data. Additionally, there were 63 cases containing invalid or unknown age at death values. These cases were excluded from all analyses except the calculation of the leading causes of cancer mortality.

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These together with as a new species of Mucor the mold that makes possible the shipments secured by Dr. It is a curious fungus, Mucor sufu, correspondents in the Old World, especially in Asia, distantly related to the miraculous Penicillium notatum amounted by 1928 to a total of more than 2800 packages whose marvelous curative action has only recently been of soy beans, almost all named varieties but many of them discovered. Meantime tests made [pinyin: Shi Jiyan], studied another soy bean fermentation by W. Morse, in charge of soy bean culture for the Bureau product, meitauza, made by another species of Mucor, and of Plant Industry, showed that many varieties had a narrow published an illustrated account of it in German in 1937. Accordingly, from 1929 to 1931, Morse his review of the literature of Mucor fermentations, Shih joined Dorsett in the Orient and these two experts, with You-kuang cites no fewer than thirty articles by eighteen trained Chinese helpers, brought to this country the largest authors all based on Chinese fermentations. As "Miss Elizabeth Groff, under my direction in 1918, soon as Morse returned from studying soy beans in Asia made a thorough study of the fermentation of soy sauce in and attacked the problem of nding which Asiatic varieties the famous factories of Canton, China, and published the rst adapted to the different regions and selecting and breeding detailed account of the process in the Philippine Journal of to make them t various American soils and climates, a Science for 1919. Yields went "It has been my privilege to assist in building up a up and plantings increased year by year. Arthur Hummel, 30,000 tons of soy bean glue were made in 1942 by a single is now the largest Chinese library outside of Asia and is rm and its licenses annually, most of it being used in the probably larger than all the European libraries of Chinese rapidly growing plywood industry. Hummel estimates, been enthusiastically used by Henry Ford in his automobiles, about 230,000 Chinese volumes (Chuan) and some 20,000 being mixed with the more expensive phenolic resins, more will soon be added in the form of biblio lm [a type thereby reducing costs and also yielding a more plastic, of micro lm] copies of very rare works from the Chinese freer- owing mixture which takes dyes better. This is the earliest secondary document seen that under my general supervision for the U. Department of mentions the early introduction of soybeans to America by Agriculture a soy bean mill in New York City in the hope of Benjamin Franklin. This is the earliest English-language document dishes served to soldiers in training at near-by camps. It is 2nd earliest English a group of army officers a meal composed entirely of soy language document seen (Oct. However, it proved impossible to test tofu on to refer to Chinese-style fermented tofu, and the rst a large scale at that time, since we could not get priority for such document written by a Westerner. Duson, who is now the producer, took sprouted soybeans are widely used by orientals. It was founded by a one of the ingredients of every rijst-tafel (rice table, or woman named Wedding. In China, soy milk is used in the same manner as cows this was Europes rst commercial tempeh company, milk. It is also consumed in the United States, though on a founded in April 1946 by a Dutch couple whose last name very limited scale. They had learned to make tempeh while "is only slightly known as food, but it is produced in large living in Indonesia. In the early 1970s the company sold to quantities for the manufacturing of soy cheese, called taohoo Mrs. In China it is sometimes processed further into a kind Indonesian culture, now over 135 years old, was deliberately of real cheese by impregnating the curd with turmeric and destroyed. This cheese, Note: this is the earliest document seen (March 2020) called taokoan [Chinese: doufugan], has a yellow color and that gives tempeh production statistics for a particular can be shipped abroad. In China, it is the most important Krijgsgevangenschap [Tempeh-making in prisoner-of-war soy product. This is the earliest document seen (March 2020) detailed eyewitness description of the tofu-making process is in any language that contains the word "tempeh" (with an then given. Like everyone else who spelled it "tempeh," Describes brie y how to make taotjo (a kind of paste) he probably believed that pronouncing the word correctly and ketjap (soy sauce) with Aspergillus oryzae, another was more important than spelling it like Indonesians do (in fungus. After 2-3 days the moldy mass is immersed in brine, where it is kept for several weeks. Foods from fermented soybeans Taotjo must be made in the dry season, because every day it as prepared in the Netherlands Indies. After fermenting for 2-3 days, the mass is immersed Condiments made with Aspergillus. A little palm sugar is added at "means for overcoming the rather bitter taste of soybeans intervals. Then the uid is ltered off and the solid residue and their failure to cook soft. They have learned to ferment is cooked several times with fresh water to extract all the the soybeans with quick-growing fungi, thus making several soluble material. Spices and other piquant materials are added, "Most important of these foods are taohoo and according to the specialite de la maison. These may include tempe; also taokoan, a cheese made from taohoo; taotjo, a galangal, ginger, cloves, Jews ear fungus, and dried and fermented paste-like condiment, and ketjap, which is soy ground sh and chicken meat. Note: this is the earliest English-language document seen (April 2013) that uses the word "taohoo" or "taokoan" to refer to tofu. De voeding in de Japansche interneerings-kampen in Nederlandsch Indie [The food in Japanese internment camps in the Netherlands Indies]. The construction of kitchens, bakeries and such was done by the inhabitants of the camps themselves with the most primitive materials. Food yeast, bakers yeast, maize malt, vitamin B extracts and other useful products were also made by the inhabitants themselves mostly out of waste products. Foods from fermented soybeans Since the Papuans, the aboriginals of New Guinea, do not as prepared in the Netherlands Indies. Tempe, a tropical use soybeans in any form, all cultures of the fungus were staple. Native method of manufacture from Surinam, where it was known to be in use by Javanese (used by a Javanese peasant woman named Sinem, living people living there. The people then were able to use the ample deterioration (after the tempe is 2 days old). Quantities stores of American soybeans by making their familiar and measured (losses during preparation and fermentation). Then the packet is years the people had had none of this to them important tied with rice straw or with raffia. What the shippers did not realize, however, was that Photos show: (1) A young lady in the Paramaribo plain soybeans would be unpalatable to people of Indonesian market, Surinam, holding a round bamboo tray loaded eating habits. Centrale Suiker Matschappij, Research of "tempes" from the Paramaribo market; the lower ones are Afdeling, van Noordtkade 20, Amsterdam, Netherlands. This is the earliest English-language document the part on the soybean (Sojaboon) has the following seen (March 2020) with the word "tempe" in the title. This is the earliest Dutch-language document seen Biochemie in een Interneringskamp [Biochemistry in an (Jan. Shokuryo Kenkyujo Kenkyu Hokoku (Report of the ferment soya beans for making Tempe or Tempeh. Jap; isolated the culture from decayed pettels [sic, petals] of eng] Hebiscus" [sic, Hibiscus]. De bereiding van tempe an inch thick between banana leaves after thorough mixing [The preparation of tempeh]. This new spelling quickly caught on, and since the early 1960s the word has consistently been spelled this 117. Documenta Neerlandica on the following soy-related subjects (listed here et Indonesica de Morbis Tropicis 2(3):270-81. The high protein and fat written in Chinese characters, with an English translation, content is well known. Nakazawa was born interesting and easily digested soybean product which is little in 1878. The soybean are normally difficult to cook and digest into easily digested, (Sojaboon, Kedele). Chasiat kedele dan tomat: Sebagi curd, soya bean milk, carob bean, Goa bean, tepary bean. Late Director of Bacteriological green vegetable soybeans], dry seeds, soya bean emulsion and Pasteur Institutes, and Director of Div. Honey locust (Prosopis and it has repeatedly caused severe intoxication in Java [sic], juli ora). Phaseolus (thin pigmented vascular coat of the eye) and retina of the angularis: adzuki bean. Vegetable protein and animal protein onwards, they were occasionally issued to the camp by in human nutrition. Vegetable material rich in protein the Japanese in place of a certain amount of rice. Some Dutch help alleviate the shortage of animal protein that exists for prisoners of war suggested that this difficulty could be certain categories of infants and adults, and that can lead overcome by converting the beans into a substance known to kwashiorkor. Cassava, the main food of these countries, in the Netherlands East Indies as tempe, a product which. The use of soy occupies a very important place in the diets of those who our or cottonseed our could add valuable protein to the live in central and east Java. At Changi, tempe was made part of the general issue Foreign Operations Administration. Operations Mission to when available and was used to treat protein and vitamin Belgium and Lexembourg. Sindrome Note: According to the De ning Years of the Dutch policarencial infantil (kwashiorkor) and its prevention in East Indies, 1942-1949, by Jan A. Also published as "Le Syndrome de Polycarence de began a process of Japanization of the archipelago. Over the lEnfance en Amerique Centrale (Kwashiorkor)" in Bulletin next 3 years, more than 100,000 Dutch citizens were shipped de lOrganisation Mondiale de la Sante No. The Japanese occupation Nations agencies in the late 1940s and early 1950s which stimulated the development of Indonesian independence showed the prevalence of protein-calorie malnutrition. Headed by Sukarno, nationalist forces declared 61-63 discuss the soybean as a rich source of protein that their independence on August 17, 1945. A brief review is given Dutch-Indonesians or "Indos," and pro-Dutch Indonesians, of work with soy in Uganda, Mexico City, India, El Salvador, Sukarnos declaration marked the beginning of a new wave and Guatemala. De ciency diseases in Japanese rooms in Mexico City, under the supervision of the Institute prison camps. Otherwise, Foundation, and cultivated in Mexico under the direction of these beans were liable to give rise to much digestive the Maize Commission, which plans to grow soybeans in disturbance when used in any quantity, even if rst reduced rotation with maize" (p. Rhodesia in collaboration with an immigrant from Indonesia the forti cation of tortillas with soybeans or soy our who is well acquainted with a product of processed soya looks very promising. A method for preparing of Mexico has set up a pilot plant to make powdered dried tempe is described, based on many trials plus helpful nixtamal from suitably treated maize. Baker Jones on the preparation of the new technique makes it possible to incorporate either soya bean curd which was available to members of the whole or partly fat-free soy our in the nixtamal powder. Conference has now been revised in the light of information Experiments carried out on this product have been seen by received from Mr. Carr, Food Technologist, Southern one of the authors; the tortilla with 10% soy our added was Rhodesia. However, Note: the term "soybean curd" usually refers to tofu, if the Government were to make soybean-maize mixture so "fermented soybean curd" is a poor term for tempeh. This will be a long-term In: Malnutrition in African Mothers, Infants and Young and exacting task, but it must be undertaken because mature Children: Report of the Second Inter-African Conference soybeans cannot be used in the same way as other beans, as on Nutrition. Infants are fed from an early age with cereal pap and as a rule they are weaned late. In: Malnutrition most of the groundnuts grown and the residue is used for in African Mothers, Infants and Young Children: Report of cattle cake. London: "Attempts to improve the diet of the African in Southern Her Majestys Stationery Office. It is of interest that farmers of Southern Rhodesia because its fatty acid composition was very different from have been attracted by tempe as a feed for cattle and it is as that of milk fat, seemed to be easily absorbed and did not such that it may rst appear on the market. It is thought that cause any gastro-intestinal upsets, even in moderately severe the arti cial heat and humidity of the tobacco curing sheds cases.

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